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not for new design this is information on a product still in production but not recommended for new designs. april 2007 rev 4 1/35 1 SR176 13.56 mhz, 176-bit short range contactless user eeprom with 64-bit unique id features iso 14443-2 type b air interface compliant iso 14443-3 type b frame format compliant 13.56 mhz carrier frequency 847.5 khz subcarrier frequency 106 kbit/s data transfer data transfer ? ask modulation from reader to tag ? bpsk coding from tag to reader 176-bit eeprom with wr ite protect feature 64-bit unique identifier read block and write block (16 bits) internal tuning capacitor self-timed programming cycle 5 ms programming time (typical) more than 100 000 erase/write cycles more than 40 year data retention packages ? ecopack? (rohs compliant) wafer antenna (a3) antenna (a4) antenna (a5) www.st.com
contents SR176 2/35 contents 1 description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 signal description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.0.1 ac1, ac0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 data transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1 input data transfer from the reader to the SR176 (request frame) . . . . . . 8 3.2 character transmission format for request frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.3 request start of frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.4 request end of frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.5 output data transfer from the SR176 to the reader (answer frame) . . . . . 9 3.6 character transmission format for answer frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.7 answer start of frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.8 answer end of frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.9 transmission frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.10 crc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4 memory mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.1 device identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.2 device selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5 device operations (instructions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.1 initiate() . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 5.2 select(chip_id) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.3 completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.4 read_block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.5 read the 64-bit uid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.6 write_block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5.7 protect_block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.8 get_protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5.9 power-on state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
SR176 contents 3/35 6 SR176 command summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 7 maximum rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 8 dc and ac parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 9 package mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 10 part numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 appendix a iso 14443 type b crc cal culation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
list of tables SR176 4/35 list of tables table 1. signal names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 table 2. bit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 table 3. bits in the lock_reg parameter, and in the otp lock_reg register . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 table 4. chip_id and lock_reg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 table 5. absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 table 6. operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 table 7. dc characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 table 8. ac characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 table 9. a3 antenna specification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 table 10. a4 antenna specification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 table 11. a5 antenna specification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 table 12. ordering information scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 table 13. document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
SR176 list of figures 5/35 list of figures figure 1. pad connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 figure 2. die floor plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 figure 3. received wave using ask modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 figure 4. SR176 request frame character format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 figure 5. request start of frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 figure 6. request end of frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 figure 7. emitted wave using bpsk subcarrier modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 figure 8. answer start of frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 figure 9. answer end of frame. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 figure 10. example of a complete transmission frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 figure 11. crc transmission rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 figure 12. SR176 memory mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 figure 13. state transition diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 figure 14. initiate request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 figure 15. initiate response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 figure 16. 8-bit chip_id format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 figure 17. initiate frame exchange between reader and SR176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 figure 18. select request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 figure 19. select response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 figure 20. 8-bit chip_id format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 figure 21. select frame exchange between reader and SR176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 figure 22. completion request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 figure 23. completion frame exchange between reader and SR176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 figure 24. read_block request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 figure 25. read_block response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 figure 26. read_block frame exchange between reader and SR176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 figure 27. 64-bit uid storage format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 figure 28. 64-bit unique identifier of the SR176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 figure 29. write_block request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 figure 30. write_block frame exchange between reader and SR176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 figure 31. protect_block request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 figure 32. protect_block frame exchange between reader and SR176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 figure 33. get_protection request format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 figure 34. get_protection response format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 figure 35. get_protection frame exchange between reader and SR176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 figure 36. initiate frame exchange between reader and SR176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 figure 37. select frame exchange between reader and SR176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 figure 38. completion frame exchange between reader and SR176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 figure 39. read_block frame exchange between reader and SR176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 figure 40. write_block frame exchange between reader and SR176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 figure 41. protect_block frame exchange between reader and SR176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 figure 42. get_protection frame exchange between reader and SR176 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 figure 43. ask modulated signal from the reader to the co ntactless device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 figure 44. frame transmission between the reader and the contactless device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 figure 45. data jitter on the frame transmitted by the reader in ask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 figure 46. a3 antenna specification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 figure 47. a4 antenna specification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 figure 48. a5 antenna specification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
description SR176 6/35 1 description the SR176 is a contactless memory, powered by an externally transmitted radio wave. it contains 176 bits of user eeprom, fabricated with stmicroelectroni cs cmos technology. the memory is organized as 16 blocks of 16 bits, of which 11 blocks are user accessible. the SR176 is accessed via the 13.56 mhz carrier. incoming data are demodulated and decoded from the received amplitude shift keying modulation signal (ask). the modulation index of this signal is 10%. outgoing data are generated by load variation using bit phase shift keying (bpsk) of a 847.5 khz subcarrier. the data tran sfer rate between the SR176 and the reader is 106 kbit/s in both reception and emission modes. the SR176 follows the iso 14443-2 type b recommendation for radio frequency power and signal interfacing. figure 1. pad connections the SR176 is principally designed for short range applications, such as object identification, that need a low cost and non -reusable tag. the SR176 does not include any anticollision mechanism. it provides an ?addressed? selection mechanism to cope with cases where more than one tag is present within the range of the reader. the SR176 contactless eeprom offers read and write random access in block mode. one block is composed by 16 bits. the device has an instruction set containing seven commands: read_block write_block initiate select completion protect_block get_protection. table 1. signal names ac1 antenna coil ac0 antenna coil ai09057 ac1 SR176 ac0 power supply regulator bpsk load modulator ask demodulator 176 bit user eeprom
SR176 signal description 7/35 the memory array of the SR176 is divided into two main areas: the unique identifier (uid) and the user eeprom. the uid is a 64-bit unique identifier, wr itten by st during product manufacture. the user eeprom is divided into areas which can be write-protected so that they behave as rom. the write protection is activated using an otp lock bits register. it is possible to program the SR176 4-bit chip_id used by the select command. its default value is fixed at the value 0 (0000 b ) by st. when correctly set, up to sixteen SR176 devices can be selected individually. figure 2. die floor plan 2 signal description 2.0.1 ac1, ac0 ac1 and ac0 pads must be directly bonded to the antenna. ai09782 ac1 ac0
data transfer SR176 8/35 3 data transfer 3.1 input data transfer from th e reader to the SR176 (request frame) the reader that accesses the SR176 must generate a 13.56 mhz sinusoidal carrier wave on its antenna, with enough energy to ?tele-power? the SR176 device. the energy received on the SR176 antenna is transformed to a power supply voltage by a regulator, and to data bits through the ask demodulator. to decode correctly the informati on sent to the SR176, the reader must use a 10% amplitude modulation of the 13.56 mhz wave, as represented (though not to scale) in figure 3 . the data transfer rate is 106 kbit/second. figure 3. received wave using ask modulation 3.2 character transmission format for request frame data bytes are transmitted and received by the SR176 as 10-bit characters, as shown in figure 4 , with the least significant bit (b 0 ) transmitted first. these characters, with the addition of the start of frame (sof) and the end of frame (eof), are grouped to form a command frame as shown in figure 10 . the frame includes an sof, instructions, addresses, data, a crc and an eof as defined by iso 14443-3 type b. if an error is detected during the data transfer, no error frame is generated by the SR176, and the instruction is not executed. each bit duration is referred to as an etu (elementary time unit). one etu is equal to 9.44 s (1/106 khz). 3.3 request start of frame the sof, as shown in figure 5 , consists of: one falling edge followed by 10 etus at logic 0 followed by one single rising edge followed by at least 2 etus (but no more than 3 etus) at logic 1. one bit time is 1/106khz ai09058 data bit transmit to the SR176 13.5mhz 10% ask modulation generated by the reader
SR176 data transfer 9/35 3.4 request end of frame the eof, as shown in figure 6 , consists of: one falling edge followed by 10 etus set to logic 0 followed by one single rising edge figure 4. SR176 request frame character format figure 5. request start of frame figure 6. request end of frame 3.5 output data transfer from the SR176 to the reader (answer frame) the SR176 uses load modulation to return data to the reader. this modulation is achieved by modifying the SR176 current flow in its antenna. with appropriate detector circuitry, the reader is able to decode the information from the SR176. the data is transmitted using a bpsk coding of a 847.5 khz subcarrier frequency, f s , as specified in iso 14443-2 type b, and as shown in figure 7 . table 2. bit description bit description value b 0 start bit used to synchronize the transmission b 0 = 0 b 1 to b 8 information byte (command, address or data or crc) information byte sent, least significant bit first b 9 stop bit used to indicate the end of a character b 9 = 1 ai07664 1 etu start "0" stop "1" msb lsb information byte b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 ai07665 etu b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 b10 b11 000000000011 ai07666 etu b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 0000000000
data transfer SR176 10/35 3.6 character transmission format for answer frames the character format is the same as for the input data transfer ( figure 4 ). the transmitted frames include an sof, data, a crc and an eof (as shown in figure 10 ). like the input data transfer, in case of error, the reader does not emit any error code to the SR176, but must be able to detect and manage this situation. the data transfer rate is 106 kbit/second. 3.7 answer start of frame the sof, as shown in figure 8 , consists of: 10 etus at logic 0 2 etus at logic 1 3.8 answer end of frame the eof, as shown in figure 9 , consists of: 10 etus at logic 0 2 etus at logic 1 figure 7. emitted wave using bpsk subcarrier modulation figure 8. answer start of frame figure 9. answer end of frame data bit to transmit to the reader or ai09059 847.5khz bpsk modulation generated by the SR176 bpsk modulation at 847.5khz during one bit time (1/106khz) ai07665 etu b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 b10 b11 000000000011 ai07665 etu b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 b10 b11 000000000011
SR176 data transfer 11/35 3.9 transmission frame between the request and the an swer data transfer, there is a guard time without ask and bpsk modulation, for a minimum period of t 0 =128/f s . this delay allows the reader to switch from transmission to reception mode, and is applied after each frame. after t 0 , the 13.56 mhz carrier frequency is modulated by the SR176 at 847.5 khz for a period of t 1 = 128/f s , to allow the reader to synchronize. after t 1 , the first phase transition generated by the SR176 represent the start bit (?0?) of the answer sof. after the fa lling edge of the answer eof, the reader has to wait for the minimum delay, t 2 , before sending a new request frame to the SR176. figure 10. example of a complete transmission frame 3.10 crc the 16-bit crc that is used by the SR176 follows the iso 14443 type b recommendation. for further information, see appendix a . the initial register co ntent is all ones: ffffh. a two-byte crc is appended to each request and each answer, within each frame, before the eof. the crc is calculat ed on all the bytes after th e sof, up to the crc field. on reception of a request from a reader, the SR176 verifies that the crc value is valid. if it is invalid, it discards the frame and does not answer the reader. on reception of an answer from the SR176, it is recommended that the reader verify that the crc value is valid. if it is invalid, that choice of actions that are to be performed are the responsibility of the reader designer. the crc is transmitted least significant byte firs t. each byte is transm itted least significant bit first. figure 11. crc tr ansmission rules sent by the reader sent by the SR176 input data transfer using ask sy n c f s =847.5khz sof cmd data crc crc eof data crc crc sof eo f sof ai09060 output data transfer using 847khz bpsk 10 bits 10 bits 10 bits 10 bits 10 bits 10 bits 10 bits 10 bits 12 bits 12 bits 12 bits 128/f s 128/f s t dr t 0 t 1 t 2 at 106kb/s crc 16 (8 bits) crc 16 (8 bits) lsbit msbit lsbit msbit lsbyte msbyte ai07667
memory mapping SR176 12/35 4 memory mapping the SR176 is organized as 16 blocks of 16 bits, as shown in figure 12 . the first four blocks, from location 0 to 3, are used to store read-only data. they store the 64-bit uid. this value cannot be modified. blocks from locations 4 to 14 offer a 176-bit eeprom user area in wh ich the application can store its data values. block 15 contains the otp lock_reg and the programmed chip_id. the protect_block command is used to lock write access to blocks 4 to 15 in groups of two blocks. the get_protection command gives the status of the protection of blocks 4 to 15. figure 12. SR176 memory mapping 4.1 device identification the SR176 has a 64-bit unique identifier (uid) which is written by stmicroelectronics during the manufacturing process. the uid is unique for each tag and cannot be altered. it is stored in a read only memory area (rom). in the SR176, the uid is stored in the first four blocks of the memory in blocks 0 to 3. block address msb lsb b15 16-bit block b7 b0 b8 description 0 1 2 3 uid0 uid1 uid2 uid3 64-bit uid rom 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 user area user area user area user area user area user area user area user area user area user area user area lockable eeprom lockable eeprom lockable eeprom lockable eeprom lockable eeprom lockable eeprom chip_id reserved otp lock_reg ai07699
SR176 memory mapping 13/35 4.2 device selection after introducing the device in the reader?s electromagnetic field, the SR176 has to be activated by a initiate command. after this command, the SR176 is in the active state and waits for a select command, as shown in figure 13 . the select command specifies a 4-bit chip_id as a parameter. if the chip-id of the SR176 matches this parameter, the SR176 goes in the selected state, and memory blocks become available for read_block and write_block commands up to the reception of a completion command. if the chip_id does not match, the SR176 returns to, or stays in, the deselected state. write access rights are activated by the select command. after the power on of the SR176, if the initiate command is not send or is not correctly generated, memory blocks will not be activa ted, and the SR176 will not respond to any command.
device operations (instructions) SR176 14/35 5 device operations (instructions) all instructions, data and the crc are transmitte d to the SR176 in 10-bit character format using ask modulation. the start bit (b 0 of the 10 bits) is sent first. the command frame received by the SR176 on the antenna is demodulated by the 10% ask demodulator, and is decoded by internal logic. prior to any operation, the SR176 must have been previously activated by an initiate command (as shown in figure 13 ). each frame transmitted to the SR176 must start with a start of frame, followed by one or more data characters, and is ended by two crc bytes and the end of frame. when an invalid frame is decoded by the SR176 (because of a wrong instruction or crc error), the memory does not send any error code. when a valid frame is received, the SR176 may have to send back data to the reader. for this, it sends 10-bit characters back, with so f, crc and eof, using the bpsk coding. the transfer is ended by the SR176 sending the eof. figure 13. state transition diagram ai09063b deactivated deselected power-off ready active selected initiate() in field out of field out of field select(chip_id) completion out of field out of field select(chip_id) select( = chip_id) select(chip_id) read_block() write_block() protect_block() get_protection() /
SR176 device operations (instructions) 15/35 5.1 initiate() command code = 06h,00h prior to any other command, the SR176 must be activated by an initiate command. all other commands sent to the SR176 before the initiate are ignored. in response to receiving the initiate command, the SR176 sends back its chip_id, using an 8-bit format ( figure 17 ). upon receiving a valid initiate command, the SR176 switches to the active state, where it will not answer to any new initiate command . once in the active state, the SR176 will remain in this state until it receives a valid select command. request parameters ( figure 14 ): none response parameters ( figure 15 ): chip_id (formatted as shown in figure 16 ) figure 14. initiate request format figure 15. initiate response format figure 16. 8-bit chip_id format figure 17. initiate frame exchange between reader and SR176 sof initiate crc l crc h eof ai07670b 06h 00h 8 bits 8 bits sof chip_id crc l crc h eof ai07701b 4 reserved bits + 4-bit id 8 bits 8 bits b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 ai07700b reserved bits (block 15) b3 block 15 b0 4-bit chip_id of the SR176 ai09783 reader SR176 sof chip_id crc l crc h eof sof 06h crc l crc h eof 00h t 0 t 1
device operations (instructions) SR176 16/35 5.2 select(chip_id) command code = 0eh,(x.id)h prior to any memory access, the SR176 must have been set in the selected state by a select() command. all other commands sent to the SR176 before the select(), except initiate(), are ignored. in response to receiving the select() command, the SR176 sends back its chip_id, using an 8-bit format ( figure 21 ). any SR176 that is already in the selected state, and which receives a select() command that does not match it s chip_id, is automatically put in the deselected state. the SR176 stays in the selected state up to the reception of a completion or a select with a non-matching chip_id. after a protect_block command, it is necessary to send a new select command in order to load enable the write access again in the internal logic. if a select is not send, the SR176 keeps the previous write access rights. request parameters ( figure 18 ): chip_id (formatted as shown in figure 20 ) response parameters ( figure 19 ): chip_id (formatted as shown in figure 20 ) figure 18. select request format figure 19. select response format figure 20. 8-bit chip_id format sof select crc l crc h eof ai07702b 0eh 4 reserved bits + 4-bit id 8 bits 8 bits chip_id sof chip_id crc l crc h eof ai07703b 4 reserved bit + 4-bit id 8 bits 8 bits b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 ai07704b test bits (block 15) b3 block 15 b0 4-bit chip_id of the SR176
SR176 device operations (instructions) 17/35 figure 21. select frame exchange between reader and SR176 5.3 completion command code = 0fh when the completion command is received, the SR176 is put in the deactived state, and does not decode any new commands up to a power-off, and a new power-on has occurred. this allows a new SR176 to be activated by an initiate command, without needing to remove the previous ones. the SR176 does not generate any response when it executes a completion command ( figure 23 ). prior to any completion command, the SR176 must have been put in the selected mode by a select command. a SR176 which was not selected does not interpret this command. request parameters ( figure 22 ): none figure 22. completion request format figure 23. completion frame exchange between reader and SR176 ai09784 reader SR176 sof chip_id crc l crc h eof sof 0eh crc l crc h eof chip_id t 0 t 1 sof completion crc l crc h eof ai07679b 0fh 8 bits 8 bits sof 0fh crc l crc h eof ai09785 reader SR176 no response
device operations (instructions) SR176 18/35 5.4 read_block command code = 08h,(x.ad) when receiving the read_block command, the SR176 reads the requested block and sends back its 16-bit value in response ( figure 26 ). the ad value of the four least significant bits of the address code, (x.ad) (b 3 to b 0 ) represents the block address to be read. for example, address 06h sends back the value of block 6. prior to any read_block command, the SR176 must have been set into the selected state. request parameters ( figure 24 ): address: to specify an addre ss block from 00h to 0eh response parameters ( figure 25 ): data l : least significant byte data h : most significant byte 5.5 read the 64-bit uid to read the complete 64-bit uid value from the SR176, the reader must provide a sequence of four read_block commands, in the following order ( figure 27 ): read_block @ 0 to get uid0 read_block @ 1 to get uid1 read_block @ 2 to get uid2 read_block @ 3 to get uid3 figure 24. read_block request format figure 25. read_block response format sof read_block crc l crc h eof ai07705b 08h 4 zero-bits + 4-bit address 8 bits 8 bits address sof data l crc l crc h eof ai07706b 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits data h 8 bits
SR176 device operations (instructions) 19/35 figure 26. read_block frame exchange between reader and SR176 figure 27. 64-bit uid storage format unique identifier (uid) members of the SR176 family are uniquely identified by a 64-bit unique identifier (uid). this is used for addressing each SR176 device uniquely after the antic ollision loop. the uid complies with iso/iec 15963 and iso/iec 7816-6. it is a read-only code, and comprises (as summarized in figure 28 ): an 8-bit prefix, with the most significant bits set to d0h an 8-bit ic manufacturer code (iso/iec 7816-6/am1) set to 02h (for stmicroelectronics) a 6-bit ic code set to 00 0010b = 2d for SR176 a 42-bit unique serial number figure 28. 64-bit unique identifier of the SR176 sof data l ai07707b data h reader SR176 crc l crc h eof sof 08h crc l crc h eof addr t 0 t 1 b15 uid2 b0 b15 uid1 b0 b15 uid0 b0 ai07708b b63 b0 uid3 b0 b15 ai14078 d0h unique serial number 02h 63 55 47 0 most significant bits least significant bits 41 2d
device operations (instructions) SR176 20/35 5.6 write_block command code = 09h,(x.ad) prior to any write_block command, the SR176 must have been set into the selected state. when executing the write_block command, the SR176 overwrites the contents of the addressed block with the 16-bit value that was sent in the command, provided that the block is available and not write protected. the ad value of the four least significant bits of the address code (x.ad) (b 3 to b 0 ) represents the block address. for example, address 06h specifies that the data should be written in block 6. the SR176 does not generate any response when it executes a write_block command ( figure 30 ). the reader must check after the programming time, t w , that the data bits were correctly programmed. block addresses between 0 to 3 cannot be accessed using the write_block command (the command has no effect on these blocks). write access to block 15 is described in the section on the protect_block command. request parameters ( figure 29 ): address: address block from 4 to 14 data l : least significant byte data h : most significant byte figure 29. write_block request format figure 30. write_block frame exchange between reader and SR176 sof data l crc l crc h eof ai07709b data h 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits write_block address 09h 4 zero-bits + 4-bit address data l ai07710b data h reader SR176 crc l crc h eof sof 09h addr no response
SR176 device operations (instructions) 21/35 5.7 protect_block command code = 09h,0fh,00h,lock_reg prior to any protect_block command, the SR176 must have been set into the selected state. the protect_block command allows the write access to be blocked to memory blocks 4 to 15. it must be followed by a select() command. this re-initializes the write protection conditions to blocks 4 to 15. until then, the new protection setting is not taken into account by the SR176 logic. the SR176 does not generate any response when it executes a protect_block command ( figure 32 ). the reader must use the get_protection command to get the information on the protection status. the otp lock_reg controls the write-protection on blocks 4 to 15, and is, itself, one- time programmable. each ?1? in the lock_reg parameter indicates that the corresponding bit in the otp lock_reg should be set. each ?0? indicates that the corresponding bit should be left unchanged. once a bit in the otp lock_reg has been set to ?1?, it is not possible to reset it to ?0? and the corresponding memory blocks are forever write protected (and behaves like rom). request parameters ( figure 31 ): lock_reg ( ta bl e 3 ) figure 31. protect_block request format table 3. bits in the lock_reg paramete r, and in the otp lock_reg register lock reg parameter bit meaning block 15 bit meaning b 7 1: set b 15 of block 15 to ?1? 0: leave it unchanged b 15 1: write-protect blocks 14 and 15 0: allow write access b 6 1: set b 14 of block 15 to ?1? 0: leave it unchanged b 14 1: write-protect blocks 12 and 13 0: allow write access b 5 1: set b 13 of block 15 to ?1? 0: leave it unchanged b 13 1: write-protect blocks 10 and 11 0: allow write access b 4 1: set b 12 of block 15 to ?1? 0: leave it unchanged b 12 1: write-protect blocks 8 and 9 0: allow write access b 3 1: set b 11 of block 15 to ?1? 0: leave it unchanged b 11 1: write-protect blocks 6 and 7 0: allow write access b 2 1: set b 10 of block 15 to ?1? 0: leave it unchanged b 10 1: write-protect blocks 4 and 5 0: allow write access b 1 1: set b 9 of block 15 to ?1? 0: leave it unchanged b 9 1: write-protect blocks 2 and 3 0: allow write access b 0 1: set b 8 of block 15 to ?1? 0: leave it unchanged b 8 1: write-protect blocks 0 and 1 0: allow write access sof crc l crc h eof ai07711b lock_reg 00h 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits protect_block 09h 0fh
device operations (instructions) SR176 22/35 figure 32. protect_block frame exchange between reader and SR176 5.8 get_protection command code = 08h,0fh prior to any get_protection, the SR176 must have been set into the selected state. get_protection allows the protection status of memory blocks 4 to 15 to be read. when receiving the get_protection command, the SR176 responds with the 16-bit value of block 15 ( figure 35 ). it gives the status of the lock_reg and the chip_id of the SR176. request parameters ( figure 33 ): none response parameters ( figure 34 ): chip_id: least significant byte lock_reg: most significant byte figure 33. get_protection request format figure 34. get_protection response format 00h ai07712b lock_reg reader SR176 crc l crc h eof sof 09h 0fh no response sof protect_block crc l crc h eof ai07713b 08h 0fh 8 bits 8 bits sof crc l crc h eof ai07714b 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits chip_id lock_reg 8 bits
SR176 device operations (instructions) 23/35 figure 35. get_protection frame exchange between reader and SR176 5.9 power-on state after power-on, the SR176 is in the following state: the device is in the low power mode. the device is deselected. the device presents its highest impedance to the reader antenna field. it will not answer to any command except initiate. table 4. chip_id and lock_reg block 15 bits response parameter bits meaning b 15 lock_reg b 7 1: blocks 14 and 15 are write-protected (0 : indicates that writ e-access is allowed) b 14 lock_reg b 6 1: blocks 12 and 13 are write-protected (0 : indicates that writ e-access is allowed) b 13 lock_reg b 5 1: blocks 10 and 11 are write-protected (0 : indicates that writ e-access is allowed) b 12 lock_reg b 4 1: blocks 8 and 9 are write-protected (0: indicates that write-access is allowed) b 11 lock_reg b 3 1: blocks 6 and 7 are write-protected (0: indicates that write-access is allowed) b 10 lock_reg b 2 1: blocks 4 and 5 are write-protected (0: indicates that write-access is allowed) b 9 lock_reg b 1 1: blocks 2 and 3 are write-protected (0: indicates that write-access is allowed) b 8 lock_reg b 0 1: blocks 0 and 1 are write-protected (0: indicates that write-access is allowed) b 4 to b 7 chip_id b 4 to b 7 reserved b 0 to b 3 chip_id b 0 to b 3 chip_id (value from 0h to fh) sof chip_id ai07716b lock_reg reader SR176 crc l crc h eof sof 08h crc l crc h eof 0fh t 0 t 1
SR176 command summary SR176 24/35 6 SR176 command summary figure 36. initiate frame exchange between reader and SR176 figure 37. select frame exchange between reader and SR176 figure 38. completion frame exchange between reader and SR176 figure 39. read_block frame exchange between reader and SR176 figure 40. write_block frame exchange between reader and SR176 figure 41. protect_block frame exchange between reader and SR176 ai09783 reader SR176 sof chip_id crc l crc h eof sof 06h crc l crc h eof 00h t 0 t 1 ai09784 reader SR176 sof chip_id crc l crc h eof sof 0eh crc l crc h eof chip_id t 0 t 1 sof 0fh crc l crc h eof ai09785 reader SR176 no response sof data l ai07707b data h reader SR176 crc l crc h eof sof 08h crc l crc h eof addr t 0 t 1 data l ai07710b data h reader SR176 crc l crc h eof sof 09h addr no response 00h ai07712b lock_reg reader SR176 crc l crc h eof sof 09h 0fh no response
SR176 SR176 command summary 25/35 figure 42. get_protection frame exchange between reader and SR176 sof chip_id ai07716b lock_reg reader SR176 crc l crc h eof sof 08h crc l crc h eof 0fh t 0 t 1
maximum rating SR176 26/35 7 maximum rating stressing the device above the rating listed in the absolute maximum ratings table may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operating sections of this specification is not imp lied. exposure to absolute ma ximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. refer also to the stmicroelectronics sure program and other relevant quality documents. table 5. absolute maximum ratings symbol parameter min. max. unit t stg , h stg , t stg storage conditions wafer 15 25 c 23 months kept in its antistatic bag a3, a4, a5 15 25 c 40% 60% rh 2 years i cc supply current on ac0 / ac1 ?20 20 ma v max input voltage on ac0 / ac1 ?7 7 v v esd electrostatic discharge voltage machine model (1) 1. mil. std. 883 - method 3015. ?100 100 v human body model (1) ?1000 1000 v human body model (2) 2. esd test: iso 10373-6 for proximity cards. ?4000 4000 v
SR176 dc and ac parameters 27/35 8 dc and ac parameters this section summarizes the operating and measurement conditions, and the dc and ac characteristics of the device. the parameters in the dc and ac characteristic tables that follow are derived from tests performed under the measurement conditions summarized in the relevant tables. designers should check that the operating conditions in their circuit match the measurement conditions when relying on the quoted parameters. table 6. operating conditions symbol parameter min. max. unit t a ambient operating temperature wafer ?20 85 c a3, a4, a5 ?20 85 c table 7. dc characteristics symbol parameter condition min typ max unit v cc regulated voltage 2.5 3.5 v v ret retromodulation induced voltage iso 10373-6 20 mv c tun internal tuning capacitor 13.56 mhz 64 pf table 8. ac characteristics (1) 1. all timing measurements were performed on a reference antenna with the following characteristics: external size: 75 mm x 48 mm number of turns: 3 width of conductor: 1 mm space between 2 conductors: 0.4 mm value of the coil: 1.4 h tuning frequency: 14.4 mhz. symbol parameter con dition min max unit f cc external rf signal frequency 13.553 13.567 mhz mi carrier carrier modulation index mi=(a-b)/(a+b) 10 14 % t rfr ,t rff 10% rise and fall time 10% to 90% 0.5 1.5 s t rfsbl 10% modulation pulse width etu = 128/f cc 9.44 s t jit ask modulation data jitter coupler to SR176 - 2 + 2 s t min cd minimum time from carrier generation to first data from h-field min 40 s f s subcarrier frequency f cc /16 847.5 khz t 0 antenna reversal delay 128/f s 151 s t 1 synchronization delay 128/f s 151 s t 2 answer to new request delay 14 etu 132 s t dr time between request characters coupler to SR176 0 57 s t da time between answer characters SR176 to coupler 0 s t w programming time for write 5 ms
dc and ac parameters SR176 28/35 figure 43. ask modulated signal from the reader to the contactless device figure 44. frame transmission between the reader and the contactless device figure 45. data jitter on the frame transmitted by the reader in ask ai09061b f cc t min cd t rfr t rff a b t rfsbl ai09786 t dr t dr t da t da t da t 1 t 0 eof data sof data crc frame transmitted by the reader in ask frame transmitted by the SR176 in bpsk 847.5khz 0 1 0 1 0 11 0 11 start 0 ai09787 t jit t jit t jit t jit t jit t rfsbl t rfsbl t rfsbl t rfsbl t rfsbl
SR176 package mechanical 29/35 9 package mechanical in order to meet environmental requirements, st offers these devices in ecopack? packages. these packages have a lead-free second-level interconnect. the category of second-level interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with jedec standard jesd97. the maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ecopack is an st trademark. ecopack specifications are available at: www.st.com . figure 46. a3 antenna specification table 9. a3 antenna specification symbol parameter type min max unit a coil width 38 37.5 38.5 mm b coil length 38 37.5 38.5 mm a1 inlay width 43 42.5 43.5 mm b1 inlay length 43 42.5 43.5 mm overall thickness of copper antenna coil 110 90 130 m silicon thickness 180 165 195 m q unloaded q value 40 f nom unloaded free-air resonance 15.1 mhz p a h-field energy for device operation 0.5 114 a/m dba/m a b1 a1 ai09046b b
package mechanical SR176 30/35 figure 47. a4 antenna specification table 10. a4 antenna specification symbol parameter type min max unit a coil width 15 14.5 15.5 mm b coil length 15 14.5 15.5 mm a1 inlay width 19 18.5 19.5 mm b1 inlay length 19 18.5 19.5 mm overall thickness of copper antenna coil 110 90 130 m silicon thickness 180 165 195 m q unloaded q value 30 f nom unloaded free-air resonance 14.5 mhz p a h-field energy for device operation 1.5 123.5 a/m dba/m ai07696b b a a1 b1
SR176 package mechanical 31/35 figure 48. a5 antenna specification table 11. a5 antenna specification symbol parameter type min max unit a coil width 42 41.5 42.5 mm b coil length 65 64.5 65.5 mm a1 inlay width 46 45.5 46.5 mm b1 inlay length 70 69.5 70.5 mm overall thickness of copper antenna coil 140 130 150 m silicon thickness 180 165 195 m q unloaded q value 30 f nom unloaded free-air resonance 14.8 mhz p a h-field energy for device operation 0.25 108 a/m dba/m a b a1 ai09071b b1
part numbering SR176 32/35 10 part numbering note: devices are shipped from the factory with the memory content bits erased to 1. for a list of available options (speed, package, etc.) or for further information on any aspect of this device, please contact your nearest st sales office. table 12. ordering information scheme example: SR176 ? w4 / xxx device type SR176 package w4 = 180 m 15 m unsawn wafer sbn18 = 180 m 15 m bumped and sawn wafer on 8-inch frame a3t = 38 mm x 38 mm copper antenna on continuous tape a3s = 38 mm x 38 mm copper singulated adhesive antenna on tape a4t = 15 mm x 15 mm copper antenna on continuous tape a4s = 15 mm x 15 mm copper singulated adhesive antenna on tape a5t = 42 mm x 65 mm copper antenna on continuous tape a5s = 42 mm x 65 mm copper singulated adhesive antenna on tape customer code xxx = given by stmicroelectronics
SR176 iso 14443 type b crc calculation 33/35 appendix a iso 14443 type b crc calculation #include #include #include #include #define byte unsigned char #define ushortunsigned short unsigned short updatecrc(byte ch, ushort *lpwcrc) { ch = (ch^(byte)((*lpwcrc) & 0x00ff)); ch = (ch^(ch<<4)); *lpwcrc = (*lpwcrc >> 8)^((ushort)ch << 8)^((ushort)ch<<3)^((ushort)ch>>4); return(*lpwcrc); } void computecrc(char *data, int length, byte *transmitfirst, byte *transmitsecond) { byte chblock; ushortt wcrc; wcrc = 0xffff; // iso 3309 do { chblock = *data++; updatecrc(chblock, &wcrc); } while (--length); wcrc = ~wcrc; // iso 3309 *transmitfirst = (byte) (wcrc & 0xff); *transmitsecond = (byte) ((wcrc >> 8) & 0xff); return; } int main(void) { byte buffcrc_b[10] = {0x0a, 0x12, 0x34, 0x56}, first, second, i; printf("crc-16 g(x) = x^16 + x^12 + x^5 + 1?); printf("crc_b of [ "); for(i=0; i<4; i++) printf("%02x ",buffcrc_b[i]); computecrc(buffcrc_b, 4, &first, &second); printf("] transmitted: %02x then %02x.?, first, second); return(0);
revision history SR176 34/35 revision history table 13. document revision history date revision changes 23-sep-2002 1.0 document written 04-oct-2004 2.0 first public release of full datasheet 29-nov-2004 3.0 initiate() command specified. 10-apr-2007 4 document reformatted. small text changes. document status changed from datasheet to nor for new design. all antennas are ecopack? compliant. unique identifier (uid) on page 19 added. c tun min and max values removed, typical value added in table 7: dc characteristics .
SR176 35/35 please read carefully: information in this document is provided solely in connection with st products. stmicroelectronics nv and its subsidiaries (?st ?) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described he rein at any time, without notice. all st products are sold pursuant to st?s terms and conditions of sale. purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the st products and services described herein, and st as sumes no liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the st products and services described herein. no license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. i f any part of this document refers to any third party products or services it shall not be deemed a license grant by st for the use of such third party products or services, or any intellectual property contained therein or considered as a warranty covering the use in any manner whatsoev er of such third party products or services or any intellectual property contained therein. unless otherwise set forth in st?s terms and conditions of sale st disclaims any express or implied warranty with respect to the use and/or sale of st products including without limitation implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a parti cular purpose (and their equivalents under the laws of any jurisdiction), or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. unless expressly approved in writing by an authorized st representative, st products are not recommended, authorized or warranted for use in milita ry, air craft, space, life saving, or life sustaining applications, nor in products or systems where failure or malfunction may result in personal injury, death, or severe property or environmental damage. st products which are not specified as "automotive grade" may only be used in automotive applications at user?s own risk. resale of st products with provisions different from the statements and/or technical features set forth in this document shall immediately void any warranty granted by st for the st product or service described herein and shall not create or extend in any manner whatsoev er, any liability of st. st and the st logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of st in various countries. information in this document supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. the st logo is a registered trademark of stmicroelectronics. all other names are the property of their respective owners. ? 2007 stmicroelectronics - all rights reserved stmicroelectronics group of companies australia - belgium - brazil - canada - china - czech republic - finland - france - germany - hong kong - india - israel - ital y - japan - malaysia - malta - morocco - singapore - spain - sweden - switzerland - united kingdom - united states of america www.st.com

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